Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) no-till (NT)), stubble (stubble burning (SB) retention (SR)), N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), 90 (N90) kg ha?1 y?1) to assess their impact on microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related protein (EEGRSP), mineralization. A significant three-way × interaction was observed with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts CO2 over incubation period (1135 mg/kg), NT+SR+N0 lowest (528 mg/kg). contrast, both EEGRSP mineralization, concentrations (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg?1) mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, also positively correlated (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that can potentially be used as index availability. Overall, this study has shown SR positive